In-depth profiling of the LiaR response of Bacillus subtilis.

The Lia system, a cell envelope stress response module of Bacillus subtilis, is comprised of the LiaRS two-component system and a membrane-anchored inhibitor protein, LiaF. It is highly conserved in the Firmicutes bacteria, and all orthologs investigated so far are activated by cell wall antibiotics. In response to envelope stress, the systems in Firmicutes cocci induce the expression of a number of genes that are involved in conferring resistance against its inducers. In contrast, a complete picture of the LiaR regulon of B. subtilis is still missing and no phenotypes could be associated with mutants lacking LiaRS. Here, we performed genome-wide transcriptomic, proteomic, and in-depth phenotypic profiling of constitutive "Lia ON" and "Lia OFF" mutants to obtain a comprehensive picture of the Lia response of Bacillus subtilis. In addition to the known targets liaIH and yhcYZ-yhdA, we identified ydhE as a novel gene affected by LiaR-dependent regulation. The results of detailed follow-up gene expression studies, together with proteomic analysis, demonstrate that the liaIH operon represents the only relevant LiaR target locus in vivo. It encodes a small membrane protein (LiaI) and a phage shock protein homolog (LiaH). LiaH forms large oligomeric rings reminiscent of those described for Escherichia coli PspA or Arabidopsis thaliana Vipp1. The results of comprehensive phenotype studies demonstrated that the gene products of the liaIH operon are involved in protecting the cell against oxidative stress and some cell wall antibiotics. Our data suggest that the LiaFSR system of B. subtilis and, presumably, other Firmicutes bacilli coordinates a phage shock protein-like response.

[Left ventricular non-compaction with papillary muscle involvement - a case report]. / Kardiomiopatia gabczasta z zajeciem miesnia brodawkowatego - opis przypadku.

Non-compaction myocardium of the left ventricle (LVNC) is a genetically heterogeneous congenital cardiomyopathy characterised by excessive prominent trabeculations and deep intertrabecular recesses which communicate with the left ventricular cavity. Echocardiography plays a pivotal role as a first line diagnostic tool of this rare abnormality. We presented a case of 64-year-old male with LVNC and with papillary muscle involvement.

[Captopril in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. Hypotension as an important clinical problem]. / Kaptopryl w leczeniu zawalu miesnia sercowego. Podcisnienie tetnicze jako istotny problem kliniczny.

The aim of study was to analyze the effect of captopril (C) on blood pressure in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) during 1 year treatment. Patients less then 70 years old with systolic blood pressure (sBP) > or = 100 mm Hg were qualified to the study. Administration of C was started during the first 4 days of AMI (mean 21 +/- 24 h). 50 pts treated with C and control group of 43 pts were finally analyzed. Doses of C were gradually increased from 3.125 t.i.d. on the first day till 25 mg t.i.d. on the 4th day. Significant decrease of sBP after administration of C was observed at 60 and 120 min after the 1st, 2nd and 3rd dose on the first day, and after 30-120 min after first C dose on the 4th day. dBP decreased only at 60-120 min after the 1st dose on first day and at 90 min after the first dose on 4th day. Hypotension after 1st and 2nd dose of C on the first day caused exclusion of 3 pts (6%) from the study. In conclusion, hypotension seems to be quite often encountered during captopril therapy of early phase of AMI. It appears not only after the first but also after the following doses. The initial dose of 3.125 mg seems to be safe and sufficient to assess its hypotensive action.